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Acad Emerg Med 2002 Dec;9(12):1369-72

Diphenhydramine as a protective agent in a rat model of acute, lethal organophosphate poisoning.

Bird SB, Gaspari RJ, Lee WJ, Dickson EW

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

[Medline record in process]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diphenhydramine chloride (DPH) on mortality in a rat model of acute, severe organophosphate poisoning (OP). METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to pretreatment with either normal saline (controls), 5 mg/kg atropine, 3 mg/kg DPH, 15 mg/kg DPH, or 30 mg/kg DPH given as a single intramuscular injection 5 minutes prior to a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg dichlorvos (n = 8 per group). The primary endpoint was 10-minute survival. Survival at 24 hours was a secondary endpoint. Comparison of survival rates between groups was carried out by ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Dichlorvos exposure resulted in profound fasciculations within 2 minutes of injection in all cohorts. In controls, fasciculations were followed by respiratory arrest within 10 minutes (0% survival). The rats receiving atropine pre-treatment exhibited similar fasciculations (nicotinic effects) without subsequent respiratory arrest, resulting in a significant improvement in survival (88%, p < 0.001). The DPH-treated rats exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction in mortality, with the 3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg groups demonstrating 0%, 25%, and 100% survival, respectively. There was no additional mortality between 10 minutes and 24 hours in any group. There was no significant difference in survival between the high-dose DPH and the atropine groups. CONCLUSIONS: Diphenhydramine chloride significantly reduced mortality in rats with acute, severe dichlorvos exposure.

PMID: 12460839, UI: 22348870

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Am J Psychiatry 2002 Nov;159(11):1948

Tardive dyskinesia with risperidone and anticholinergics.

Suzuki E, Obata M, Yoshida Y, Miyaoka H

Publication Types:

• Letter

PMID: 12411240, UI: 22299344

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Brownstone G

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12448440, UI: 22332227

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Harvey SC

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12448439, UI: 22332226

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Adams DR, Anderson BE, Ammirati CT

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12448438, UI: 22332225

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Gerrish S

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12448437, UI: 22332224

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Gerberg EJ, Novak RJ

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12448436, UI: 22332223

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N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1719-21; discussion 1719-21

Insect repellents and mosquito bites.

Teal JJ

Publication Types:

• Comment
• Letter

PMID: 12444193, UI: 22331464