7 citations found

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J Emerg Med 2002 Jan;22(1):104-5

Chloral hydrate intoxication in a newborn infant.

Kirimi E, Caksen H, Cesur Y, Odabas D, Ozkaya E, Ceylan N

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PMID: 11809568, UI: 21668394

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J Neurol 2001 Aug;248(8):720-1

Guillain-Barre syndrome mimicking botulism.

Susuki K, Takahashi H, Yuki N, Ohsawa H, Hirata K, Sakata I

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PMID: 11569908, UI: 21451742

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JAMA 2002 Feb 20;287(7):916-7

Books, journals, new media: old paint: a medical history of childhood lead-paint poisoning in the United States to 1980.

Warren C

University of Georgia, Athens.

[Medline record in process]

PMID: 11851588, UI: 21841516

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JAMA 2002 Feb 6;287(5):581-2

From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alfalfa sprouts--Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, February-April, 2001.

PMID: 11838449, UI: 21827081

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JAMA 2002 Feb 6;287(5):585

What should the public be told about the risks of ecstasy?

Boire RG

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PMID: 11829687, UI: 21819143

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JAMA 2002 Feb 6;287(5):585

What should the public be told about the risks of ecstasy?

Leshner AI

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PMID: 11829686, UI: 21819142

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Toxicol Sci 2002 Feb;65(2):166-76

Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity.

Jaeschke H, Gores GJ, Cederbaum AI, Hinson JA, Pessayre D, Lemasters JJ

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

This review addresses recent advances in specific mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Because of its unique metabolism and relationship to the gastrointestinal tract, the liver is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics, and oxidative stress. In cholestatic disease, endogenously generated bile acids produce hepatocellular apoptosis by stimulating Fas translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where self-aggregation occurs to trigger apoptosis. Kupffer cell activation and neutrophil infiltration extend toxic injury. Kupffer cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and chemokines, which induce neutrophil extravasation and activation. The liver expresses many cytochrome P450 isoforms, including ethanol-induced CYP2E1. CYP2E1 generates ROS, activates many toxicologically important substrates, and may be the central pathway by which ethanol causes oxidative stress. In acetaminophen toxicity, nitric oxide (NO) scavenges superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which then causes protein nitration and tissue injury. In inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout mice, nitration is prevented, but unscavenged superoxide production then causes toxic lipid peroxidation to occur instead. Microvesicular steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and cytolytic hepatitis involve mitochondrial dysfunction, including impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and damage to mitochondrial DNA. Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is another mechanism causing mitochondrial failure, which can lead to necrosis from ATP depletion or caspase-dependent apoptosis if ATP depletion does not occur fully. Because of such diverse mechanisms, hepatotoxicity remains a major reason for drug withdrawal from pharmaceutical development and clinical use.

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PMID: 11812920, UI: 21672069

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