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Arch Dermatol 2002 Sep;138(9):1258-9
Publication Types:
PMID: 12225003, UI: 22213032
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BMJ 2002 Oct 19;325(7369):866-7
[Medline record in process]
PMID: 12386037, UI: 22273725
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Forensic Sci Int 2002 Aug 14;128(1-2):35-40
Laboratory of Toxicology, St-Luc Hospital, Universite catholique de Louvain, Hippocrate Avenue 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
Bile is, in certain cases, collected together with blood from different sites (heart, brain, femoral), urine and other organs or matrices. This study reports comparative results obtained from the analysis of blood and bile for different drugs found: acetaminophen, amphetamine and related compounds, several antidepressants, several benzodiazepines, cocaine and its metabolites, dextropropoxyphene and its metabolite, hydroxyzine, methadone and metabolite, morphine and codeine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, propranolol, tramadol and its metabolite. Several findings are presented: (1) There were no significant differences in the levels of the compounds among the samples of blood obtained from different sites. (2) Levels in bile are generally several fold higher than those in blood. The mean bile to blood ratios vary from about 1 (for acetaminophen, amphetamine) to about 2000 (for desmethylclobazam). (3) In certain cases (16 over 44), although the drug or its metabolite was not detected in blood from different sites, it was detected in bile. As other authors had advocated, it is very useful to ask the pathologist to take the gall bladder with its contents together with the other samples, in order that the sample of bile can be used in the comprehensive toxicological analysis and therefore be complementary to the other fluids or matrices. An additional advantage for using bile is that the concentrations of drugs or their metabolites are generally several fold higher than their blood concentrations.
PMID: 12208019, UI: 22198036
Forensic Sci Int 2002 Aug 14;128(1-2):1-103
PMID: 12208015, UI: 22198032
J Neurol 2002 Feb;249(2):227-8
PMID: 11985394, UI: 21980964
Lancet 2002 Sep 28;360(9338):1024
27 Charles Crescent, Lenzie, G66 5HH, Glasgow, UK
PMID: 12383695, UI: 22272062
Lancet 2002 Sep 28;360(9338):963
Medical Toxicology Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust UK, SW1 9RT, London, UK
PMID: 12383662, UI: 22272029
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