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Contact urticaria due to p-chloro-m-cresol.
Walker SL, Chalmers RJ, Beck MH.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15491450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Sodium benzoate-induced repeated episodes of acute urticaria/angio-oedema: randomized controlled trial.
Nettis E, Colanardi MC, Ferrannini A, Tursi A.
Department of Medical Clinics, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari, Cattedra di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Padiglione Chini-Policlinico, Bari, Italy. e.nettis@allergy.uniba.it
BACKGROUND: Sodium benzoate (E 211) is widely used to delay yeast spoilage of acidic foods and beverages. Numerous cases of adverse reactions to benzoate have been recorded, but most of the studies that have been conducted lacked proper placebo controls or blinding. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of intolerance to sodium benzoate among subjects who experienced repeated episodes of acute urticaria/angio-oedema following the ingestion of a meal or a product containing this substance. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on the analysis of data from patients reported to have experienced episodes of urticaria, with or without angio-oedema, after ingesting meals or products containing sodium benzoate. At the first visit to the outpatients clinic, a careful history was taken. Patients were then given the following diagnostic tests: tests for IgE for common inhalant allergens and food allergens, and a double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge with sodium benzoate. RESULTS: A total of 47 subjects were enrolled in the study; five (11%) showed at least one relevant positive reaction to an IgE test for food allergy. Only one subject (2%) had a reaction after the ingestion of 75 mg of sodium benzoate without an adverse reaction to placebo. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the percentage of repeated episodes of acute urticaria/angio-oedema reactions induced by sodium benzoate is very low (2%). In view of our results, we suggest that when faced with patients who have suffered adverse reactions that could be attributed to sodium benzoate, physicians should also carefully evaluate other possible causes.
Publication Types:
- Clinical Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15491435 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Combined in vivo and in vitro approach for the characterization of penicillin-specific polyclonal lymphocyte reactivity: tolerance tests with safe penicillins instead of challenge with culprit drugs.
Sachs B, Al Masaoudi T, Merk HF, Erdmann S.
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. bcsachs@tiscalinet.de
BACKGROUND: Amino-penicillins are a major cause of delayed-type reactions to penicillins. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish a diagnostic approach for the characterization of the individual penicillin-specific polyclonal lymphocyte reactivity in order to detect side chain-specific sensitization to amino-penicillins. Patients can then be advised to undergo a tolerance test with safe penicillins instead of provocation with culprit penicillins for confirmation of penicillin allergy. METHODS: We investigated penicillin-specific polyclonal lymphocyte reactivity in nine patients with delayed-type reactions to amino-penicillins by a combined in vivo (patch, prick and intracutaneous tests with delayed readings) and in vitro (lymphocyte transformation test, LTT) approach. RESULTS: A combination of LTT and skin tests improved the sensitivity for the characterization of penicillin-specific polyclonal lymphocyte reactivity and allowed the detection of three different patterns of lymphocyte reactivity. Four patients showed a side chain-specific sensitization to amino-penicillins in vivo and in vitro and were advised to undergo tolerance tests with safe penicillins. Two patients agreed and were exposed to parenteral benzyl-penicillin and oral phenoxymethyl-penicillin which they tolerated without complications. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a combined in vivo and in vitro approach is helpful for the detection of side chain-specific sensitization to amino-penicillins. Patients with such sensitization are very likely to tolerate safe penicillins, thereby expanding their therapeutic options when antibiotic treatment is required.
PMID: 15491421 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Combined administration of taurine and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in the treatment of chronic lead intoxication in rats.
Flora SJ, Pande M, Bhadauria S, Kannan GM.
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474 002, India. sjsflora@hotmail.com
The present study describes the dose-dependent effect of taurine, an amino acid and a known antioxidant, either alone or in combination with meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in the treatment of subchronic lead intoxication in male rats. The effects of these treatments in influencing the lead-induced alterations in haem synthesis, hepatic, renal or brain oxidative stress and lead concentration from soft tissues were investigated. Exposure to lead produced a significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, reduction in glutathione (GSH) and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) suggesting an altered haem synthesis pathway. Only DMSA was able to increase the activity of ALAD, while both taurine and DMSA were able to significantly increase GSH level towards normal. Animals treated with taurine significantly reduced the alterations in some of the biochemical parameters indicative of oxidative stress. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels reduced significantly in liver, kidney and red blood cells, while GSH level increased. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) also showed an increase in blood and brain in animals treated with taurine. The data also provided a promising role of taurine during chelation of lead by potentiating the depletion of blood, liver and brain lead compared to DMSA alone. It can thus be concluded from the study that concomitant administration of an antioxidant could play a significant and important role in abating a number of toxic effects of lead when administered along with the thiol chelators.
PMID: 15171566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Rhabdomyolysis and coma associated with amisulpride: a probable atypical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Atbasoglu EC, Ozguven HD, Can Saka M, Goker C.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15641884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comment on:
Catatonia is a risk factor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Carroll BT, Lee JW.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15641881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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A cautionary note when using zonisamide in youths: a case report of association with toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Majeres KD, Suppes T.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15641880 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Two cases of acneiform eruption associated with lamotrigine.
Nielsen JN, Licht RW, Fogh K.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15641879 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone versus risperidone in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, multicenter trial.
Addington DE, Pantelis C, Dineen M, Benattia I, Romano SJ.
Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. addingto@ucalgary.ca
BACKGROUND: More head-to-head comparisons of antipsychotics are needed to discern the relative efficacy and safety profiles of these compounds. Thus, we compared ziprasidone and risperidone in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. METHOD: Patients with DSM-III-R acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to double-blind ziprasidone 40 to 80 mg b.i.d. (N = 149) or risperidone 3 to 5 mg b.i.d (N = 147) for 8 weeks. Primary efficacy measures included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) score; secondary measures included scores on the PANSS negative sub-scale, CGI-Improvement scale (CGI-I), and PANSS-derived Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRSd) total and core items. Safety assessments included movement disorder evaluations, laboratory tests, electrocardiography, vital signs, and body weight. Efficacy analyses employed a prospectively defined Evaluable Patients cohort. Treatment equivalence was conferred if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the ziprasidone/risperidone ratio of least-squares mean change from baseline was > 0.60. Data were gathered from August 1995 to January 1997. RESULTS: Equivalence was demonstrated in PANSS total scores, CGI-S scores, PANSS negative subscale scores, BPRSd total and core item scores, and PANSS total and CGI-I responder rates. Both agents were well tolerated. Risperidone exhibited a significantly higher Movement Disorder Burden (MDB) score (p < .05) and higher incidences of prolactin elevation and clinically relevant weight gain. However, compared with current recommendations, study dosing may have been high for some risperidone-treated patients (mean dose = 7.4 mg/day) and low for some ziprasidone-treated patients (mean dose = 114.2 mg/day). CONCLUSION: Both agents equally improved psychotic symptoms, and both were generally well tolerated, with ziprasidone demonstrating a lower MDB score and less effect on prolactin and weight than risperidone.
Publication Types:
- Clinical Trial
- Multicenter Study
- Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15641867 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comment on:
Footprints.
Al-Khasawneh K, White P Jr.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15689598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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