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Items 1 - 9 of 9 |
One page. |
Fatal cerebral edema after moderate valproic acid overdose.
Camilleri C, Albertson T, Offerman S.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15726065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Extrapyramidal side effects associated with aripiprazole coprescription in 2 patients.
Cohen ST, Rulf D, Pies R.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15669901 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comment on:
Dr. Ananth replies to Drs. Carroll and Lee "catatonia is a risk factor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome".
Ananth J.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15669900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Beneficial effect of donepezil in the treatment of elderly patients with tardive movement disorders.
Bergman J, Dwolatzky T, Brettholz I, Lerner V.
Mental Health Center Tirat Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
BACKGROUND: Tardive dyskinesia and other delayed-onset abnormal involuntary movement disorders may occur as a result of the use of psychotropic drugs. A distinction is usually made between classic tardive dyskinesia (TD) (orobuccal-lingual-facial) and tardive dystonia, tardive tremor (TT), tardive akathisia, and other related syndromes. In spite of the development of atypical antipsychotics with fewer side effects, tardive movement disorders nevertheless continue to present a significant clinical and therapeutic challenge. Several reports have suggested that donepezil may be helpful in the treatment of TD. METHOD: A preliminary study was conducted of 7 patients (5 women and 2 men) enrolled over a period of 6 months who had been experiencing TT for a period of at least 1 year. The ages of the patients ranged from 64 to 79 years, and all patients were on stable antipsychotic therapy. Donepezil was added to their usual treatment for 8 weeks. The severity of patients' extrapyramidal symptoms was assessed using the tremor subscale of the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) and self-rated with a modification of the Clinical Global Impressions scale, the Subjective Clinical Improvement Impression scale. The clinical response was evaluated by comparing the rating scores at baseline prior to donepezil treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: The addition of donepezil (up to 10 mg/day) was associated with a clinically significant improvement (from 37.5% to 63.6%) on the SAS tremor subscale following 4 weeks of therapy. Only 1 patient discontinued follow-up due to side effects. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that donepezil may be effective in the treatment of TT, and this finding should be evaluated further by a randomized controlled study.
PMID: 15669896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The use of aripiprazole in obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary observations in 8 patients.
Connor KM, Payne VM, Gadde KM, Zhang W, Davidson JR.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. kathryn.connor@duke.edu
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic with dopamine- and serotonin-stabilizing properties, as monotherapy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Adult subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD who were not currently receiving pharmacotherapy for the disorder were entered into an 8-week open-label trial of treatment with aripiprazole (10-30 mg/day). Efficacy assessments included the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. Safety assessments included evaluation of vital signs, weight, and treatment-emergent side effects. Data were collected from June 2003 to August 2004. RESULTS: Eight subjects were enrolled, 7 of whom took at least 1 dose of study medication. Using the last observation carried forward, the mean total YBOCS score decreased from 23.9 at baseline to 17.6 at the final visit (p = .06). More pronounced improvement was observed in compulsive symptoms (p < .05) compared with obsessive symptoms (p = .09). Three subjects (43%) responded to treatment, showing a 30% or greater reduction in YBOCS total score. Two subjects discontinued treatment within 1 week due to side effects (akathisia, nausea). While no changes were noted in vital signs, a mean weight gain of 1.8 kg was observed. CONCLUSION: Although from a small, open-label study, these results suggest that aripiprazole holds promise for treating OCD. Larger, controlled studies of aripiprazole as monotherapy and as augmentation in partial responders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are needed.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15669888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Cocaine-induced acute hepatitis and thrombotic microangiopathy.
Balaguer F, Fernandez J, Lozano M, Miquel R, Mas A.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15713768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bites of brown recluse spiders and suspected necrotic arachnidism.
Swanson DL, Vetter RS.
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz 85259, USA.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15716564 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Evaluation of sensory evoked potentials in Long Evans rats gestationally exposed to mercury (Hg0) vapor.
Herr DW, Chanda SM, Graff JE, Barone SS Jr, Beliles RP, Morgan DL.
Neurotoxicology Division, MD B105-05, NHEERL, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Herr.david@epamail.epa.gov
Mercury is known to alter neuronal function and has been shown to cross the placental barrier. These experiments were undertaken to examine if gestational exposure to mercury vapor (Hg(0)) would result in alterations in sensory neuronal function in adult offspring. Dams were exposed to 0 or 4 mg/m(3) Hg(0) for 2 h/day from gestational days 6-15. This exposure paradigm has been shown to approximate a maximal tolerated dose of Hg(0) for the dams. Between postnatal days 140-168, male and female offspring (one of each gender/dam) were examined using a battery of sensory evoked potentials. Peripheral nerve action potentials, nerve conduction velocity, somatosensory evoked responses (cortical and cerebellar), brainstem auditory evoked responses, pattern evoked potentials, and flash evoked potentials were quantified. Gestational exposure to 4 mg/m(3) Hg(0) did not significantly alter any of the evoked responses, although there was a suggestion of a decrease in compound nerve action potential (CNAP) amplitudes in male animals for the 3 mA stimulus condition. However, this possible change in CNAP amplitudes was not replicated in a second experiment. All evoked potentials exhibited predictable changes as the stimulus was modified. This shows conclusively that the evoked responses were under stimulus control, and that the study had sufficient statistical power to detect changes of these magnitudes. These results indicate that gestational exposure to 4 mg/m(3) Hg(0) did not result in changes in responses evoked from peripheral nerves, or the somatosensory, auditory, or visual modalities.
PMID: 15310857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Hepatic gene expression and lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice exposed to hydrazine or acetylhydrazine.
Richards VE, Chau B, White MR, McQueen CA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Hydrazine (HD) and acetylhydrazine (AcHD) are metabolites of the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH) that have been implicated in INH-induced liver damage. The hepatotoxicity of AcHD and HD were compared in adult male C57Bl/6J mice by evaluating hepatic histopathology, plasma biochemistry, and hepatic gene expression. By all measures, HD had significantly greater effects than AcHD. There was no evidence of liver damage following exposure to AcHD (300 mg/kg, po). However, HD at this dose caused marked hepatic necrosis, macrovesicular degeneration, and steatosis. Lipid accumulation was initiated 2 h after HD exposure, with hepatic macrovesicular degeneration evident after 4 h, and severe necrosis by 36 h. Gene expression profiles were compared 24 h following 100 mg/kg po of HD or AcHD. HD changed the hepatic expression of more genes than AcHD, particularly lipid synthesis, transport, and metabolism genes that may be involved in steatosis. Hepatic expression of genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors was increased only by HD. The hepatotoxicty and hepatic gene expression profile of HD, but not AcHD, indicate that exposure to HD initiates a process whereby the production and intracellular transport of hepatic lipids is favored over the removal of fatty acids and their metabolites.
PMID: 15282401 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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