About Entrez
Text Version
Entrez PubMed
Overview
Help |
FAQ
Tutorial
New/Noteworthy
E-Utilities
PubMed Services
Journals Database
MeSH Database
Single Citation Matcher
Batch Citation Matcher
Clinical Queries
Special Queries
LinkOut
My NCBI
(Cubby)
Related Resources
Order Documents
NLM Catalog
NLM Gateway
TOXNET
Consumer Health
Clinical Alerts
ClinicalTrials.gov
PubMed Central
|
|
| Display Show |
 |
Items 1 - 12 of 12 |
One page. |
Fatigue and somatic symptoms.
Viner R, Christie D.
Middlesex Adolescent Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London. rviner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Publication Types:
PMID: 15860829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A comparison of the effects of preferred music, arithmetic and humour on cold pressor pain.
Mitchell LA, Macdonald RA, Brodie EE.
Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 OBA, UK.
Research studies of 'audioanalgesia', the ability of music to affect pain perception, have significantly increased in number during the past two decades. Listening to preferred music in particular may provide an emotionally engaging distraction capable of reducing both the sensation of pain itself and the accompanying negative affective experience. The current study uses experimentally induced cold pressor pain to compare the effects of preferred music to two types of distracting stimuli found effective within the previous studies; mental arithmetic, a cognitive distraction, and humour, which may emotionally engage us in a similar manner to music. Forty-four participants (24 females, 20 males) underwent three cold pressor trials in counterbalanced order. The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task provided the cognitive distraction and a choice was given from three types of audiotaped stand-up comedy. Participants provided their own preferred music. A circulating and cooling water bath administered cold pressor stimulation. Tolerance time, pain intensity on visual analogue scale and the pain rating index and perceived control were measured. Preferred music listening was found to significantly increase tolerance in comparison to the cognitive task, and significantly increase perceived control in comparison to humour. Ratings of pain intensity did not significantly differ. The results suggest preferred music listening to offer effective distraction and enhancement of control as a pain intervention under controlled laboratory conditions.
PMID: 15878297 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
-
Fear-avoidance beliefs and pain coping strategies in relation to lower back problems in a South African steel industry.
van Vuuren BJ, van Heerden HJ, Becker PJ, Zinzen E, Meeusen R.
Department of Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences, LC de Villiers Sport Centre, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Faculty LK, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
The objective was to determine the association between the prevalence of lower back problems (LBP), fear-avoidance beliefs and pain coping strategies using an analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study among a group of 366 workers in a South African stainless steel industry. Outcome (LBP) was defined using a questionnaire and a functional rating index. Exposure to psychosocial risk was determined using the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (FABQ) and Coping Strategies (CSQ) questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analyses for LBP indicated the following significant risk factors: work-related fear-avoidance beliefs (OR 3.40; 95% CI 2.20-5.25), catastrophizing (1.31; 1.01-1.7) and pain coping self statements (1.47; 1.16-1.87). Significant protective associations were found for increased activity levels (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.42-0.78). These findings have utility in preventative screening procedures to identify workers with such beliefs and coping strategies who are at risk for prolonged work restrictions.
PMID: 15878296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
-
Chronic pain management in older adults: with coxibs under fire, what now?
Schneider JP.
Chronic non-cancer pain is notoriously undertreated, especially when the source cannot be identified by objective testing. Effective treatment often requires a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches. This article describes current medication management of chronic pain, with particular attention to opioids. Acetaminophen and anti-inflammatories are first-line drugs for mild to moderate pain. For neuropathic pain, anticonvulsants are finding an increasing role, as are topical agents. Antidepressants are often advisable. Regarding opioids, the article addresses concerns about addiction potential; distinguishes between addiction and physical dependency; details the role of tolerance to different effects of opioids; and discusses their safety. With appropriate dosing, vigilant management, and careful tapering, opioids are a safe and effective choice for pain management in older adults. Appropriate follow-up guidelines are presented.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15877482 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Pain management in persons with dementia. BODIES mnemonic helps caregivers relay pain-related signs, symptoms to physicians and nursing staff.
Snow L, Rapp MP, Kunik M.
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Publication Types:
- Case Reports
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 15877481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comment on:
Use of niacin during non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
Goldstein MR.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15870410 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Reproductive health effects and teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs.
Kaplan PW.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, B. Bldg., 1 North, Rm. 125, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. pkaplan@jhmi.edu
Women with epilepsy are less likely to bear children than women in the general population, and although this reduced fertility can be attributed in part to effects of the disease itself, the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including changes in reproductive endocrine function, are also a factor. Conversely, some AEDs interact with oral contraceptives and can increase the risk for contraceptive failure and unplanned pregnancy. Women with epilepsy also have elevated rates of congenital anomalies and major malformations in their offspring, for which exposure of the developing fetus to AEDs taken by the mother appears to be responsible. In utero exposure to some AEDs may also be associated with increased risk for impaired cognitive function in the growing child. Clearly, possible long-term effects on reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes require careful attention when AED therapy is being considered for a patient with childbearing potential. Moreover, because AEDs are increasingly being used in therapy for other conditions such as migraine, bipolar disorder, and pain, it is not only the treatment of women with epilepsy that will be affected by these concerns.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15557546 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Comment on: Central neuropathic itch from spinal-cord cavernous hemangioma: A human case, a possible animal model, and hypotheses about pathogenesis, Dey et al., Pain 113 (2005) 233-237.
Yezierski RP, Vierck C.
Comprehensive Center for Pain Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15878800 [PubMed - in process]
-
Increased nociceptive response in mice lacking the adenosine A1 receptor.
Wu WP, Hao JX, Halldner L, Lovdahl C, DeLander GE, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Fredholm BB, Xu XJ.
Department of Neurotec, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
The role of the adenosine A1 receptor in nociception was assessed using mice lacking the A1 receptor (A1R-/-) and in rats. Under normal conditions, the A1R-/- mice exhibited moderate heat hyperalgesia in comparison to the wild-type mice (A1R+/+). The mechanical and cold sensitivity were unchanged. The antinociceptive effect of morphine given intrathecally (i.t.), but not systemically, was reduced in A1R-/- mice and this reduction in the spinal effect of morphine was not associated with a decrease in binding of the mu-opioid ligand DAMGO in the spinal cord. A1R-/- mice also exhibited hypersensitivity to heat, but not mechanical stimuli, after localized inflammation induced by carrageenan. In mice with photochemically induced partial sciatic nerve injury, the neuropathic pain-like behavioral response to heat or cold stimulation were significantly increased in the A1R-/-mice. Peripheral nerve injury did not change the level of adenosine A1 receptor in the dorsal spinal cord in rats and i.t. administration of R-PIA effectively alleviated pain-like behaviors after partial nerve injury in rats and in C57/BL/6 mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the adenosine A1 receptor plays a physiological role in inhibiting nociceptive input at the spinal level in mice. The C-fiber input mediating noxious heat is inhibited more than other inputs. A1 receptors also contribute to the antinociceptive effect of spinal morphine. Selective A1 receptor agonists may be tested clinically as analgesics, particularly under conditions of neuropathic pain.
PMID: 15661449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Intrathecal morphine and ketorolac analgesia after surgery: comparison of spontaneous and elicited responses in rats.
Martin TJ, Zhang Y, Buechler N, Conklin DR, Eisenach JC.
Department of Physiology and Center for the Study of Pharmacologic Plasticity in the Presence of Pain, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA.
Pain after surgery results in significant morbidity, and systemic opioids often fail to provide adequate analgesia without marked sedation and respiratory depression. Intrathecal morphine provides better analgesia, but is limited by delayed respiratory depression. Intrathecal injection of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ketorolac, has recently entered clinical trials, and the current study examined the interaction between intrathecal morphine and ketorolac to treat postoperative pain. We also sought to compare these treatments on a commonly used assessment of withdrawal threshold and a new assessment of spontaneous behavior after surgery. Male Sprague Dawley rats and underwent hind paw incision or subcostal laparotomy surgery. Intrathecal morphine, ketorolac, or their combination were injected on the first postoperative day, with outcome measure being return to pre-surgery withdrawal threshold with von Frey filament testing of the paw after paw incision, or return to pre-surgery exploratory activity after laparotomy. Intrathecal morphine completely reversed the effects of surgery in both models, but intrathecal ketorolac only partially reversed them. Ketorolac enhanced the potency of morphine several fold in both models, and did so synergistically after paw incision. In all cases drug potency was greater for spontaneous than elicited responses. These data confirm that spinal opioid receptor and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition diminish elicited tactile hypersensitivity after surgery, and that they similarly return spontaneous behavior to normal. Differences in drug potency could reflect fundamental differences in outcome measures or in the surgical procedures themselves. These data support combination study of intrathecal morphine and ketorolac for postoperative pain.
PMID: 15661447 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Intravenous dextromethorphan to human volunteers: relationship between pharmacokinetics and anti-hyperalgesic effect.
Duedahl TH, Dirks J, Petersen KB, Romsing J, Larsen NE, Dahl JB.
The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark. thd@dfuni.dk
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dextromethorphan (DM) 0.5 mg/kg administered intravenously (i.v.) on hyperalgesia and pain after a tissue injury in human volunteers, and to describe the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. The heat-capsaicin sensitisation model, a well-established experimental hyperalgesia model was induced in 24 healthy, male volunteers aged 21-35 years. The subjects received i.v. DM 0.5 mg/kg or isotonic saline on two separate study sessions. The primary outcome measure from 0 to 3 h was reduction in area of established secondary hyperalgesia. Secondary outcome measures were reduction in area of secondary hyperalgesia in response to brief thermal stimulation, heat pain detection thresholds and painfulness after tonic heat pain. Blood samples were collected throughout the study to describe the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Intravenous DM 0.5 mg/kg significantly reduced areas of established secondary hyperalgesia with an average of 39% (P<0.05). Development of secondary hyperalgesia was substantially prevented by DM (P<0.05). No significant effect was seen on either heat pain detection thresholds or after tonic heat pain. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship showed a large inter-subject variation with a mean delay in effect of nearly 2 h in relation to peak serum concentration. The results strongly indicate that DM is an anti-hyperalgesic drug. The delay in effect may be explained by several mechanisms and suggests that timing of DM administration is an essential factor for using the drug in clinical settings.
Publication Types:
- Clinical Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15661445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Spinal noradrenaline transporter inhibition by reboxetine and Xen2174 reduces tactile hypersensitivity after surgery in rats.
Obata H, Conklin D, Eisenach JC.
Department of Anesthesiology and Center for the Pharmacologic Plasticity in the Presence of Pain, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Spinal noradrenaline (NA) released in response to noxious stimuli may play an important role in suppression of nociceptive transmission. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a competitive NA transporter inhibitor (reboxetine) and a noncompetitive NA transporter inhibitor peptide, Xen2174, isolated from the Pacific cone snail, to treat tactile hypersensitivity following paw incisional surgery. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, an incision of the plantar aspect of the hind paw was performed, and withdrawal threshold to von Frey filaments near the surgical site determined. Reboxetine (0.5-5 microg) and Xen2174 (0.3-100 microg) increased withdrawal threshold when injected 24h after paw incision, with a peak effect at 15-60 min, for Xen2174, an ED50 value of 0.64 microg. Administration of Xen2174 (3-30 microg) 15 min before incision also reduced hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. Withdrawal threshold after the single 30 microg dose was greater than vehicle control even at 2, 3, and 5 days after incision. Doses <or=30 microg did not alter spontaneous behavior. The anti-hypersensitivity effect of 10 microg of Xen2174 was totally blocked by the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan, and partially blocked by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. These data suggest that selective NA transporter inhibition suppresses post-incisional hypersensitivity through a different mechanism from that of neuropathic pain, since we previously reported that reversal of hypersensitivity by intrathecal clonidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, following spinal nerve ligation is completely blocked by intrathecal atropine. Finally, these data suggest that intrathecal administration of Xen2174 at the time of spinal anesthesia might produce postoperative analgesia in humans.
PMID: 15661433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
| Display Show |
|
|